Clinical cases of infectious endocarditis in cats
PDF
XML

Keywords

cats, endocarditis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, pulmonary edema.

How to Cite

Sereda, T. V., Petrova, M. A., Popov, I. V., Popov, I. V., Kartashov, S. N., & Ermakov, A. M. (2022). Clinical cases of infectious endocarditis in cats. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 44, e002322. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002322

Abstract

Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a contagious polyposis ulcerative inflammation of the endocardium, accompanied by lesions of the heart valve apparatus and endothelium by various pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens. Mainly mitral and aortic valves are affected, less often - tricuspid valve. The purpose of this study was to report two cases of IE in cats. Due to the low prevalence of the disease in cats, there is no clear diagnostic algorithm, so the diagnostic search is complicated. In both cases, autonomic lesions of the heart valve apparatus were observed. In the first clinical case, we could hardly diagnose the disease because of its rapid progression: initial echocardiogram result was normal, but after 48 hours, the cat’s condition became much worse, and 18 hours later, it died. In the second case, histopathological examination confirmed an infectious inflammatory process of the endocardium and myocardium of unclear genesis. However, the presence of lower respiratory tract infection and the absence of additional laboratory tests, such as bacterial blood culture and PCR diagnosis, limited us in proposing a hypothesis about the origin and etiology of IE.

https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002322
PDF
XML

References

Baddour, L., Freeman, W., Suri, R., & Wilso, W. (2019). Cardiovascular infections. In D. Zipes, P. Libby, R. Bonow, D. Mann & G. Tomaselli (Eds.), Braunwald’s heart disease: A textbook of cardiovascular medicine (12th ed., pp. 1483–1509). Elsevier Science. https://www.elsevier.com/books/braunwald-s-heart-disease-2-vol-set/ libby/978-0-323-72219-3

Brennan, C., Gunasekaran, T., Williams, K., & Sanders, R. A. (2020). Infective aortic valve endocarditis in a cat with patent ductus arteriosus and perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology: The Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 31, 30-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2020.08.002. PMid:32956937.

de Jonghe, S., Ducatelle, R., Haesebrouck, F., & Roels, S. (1998). Verrucous endocarditis due to Escherichia coli in a Persian cat. The Veterinary Record, 143(11), 305-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.11.305. PMid:9789348.

Donovan, T. A., Balakrishnan, N., Carvalho Barbosa, I., McCoy, T., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Fox, P. R. (2018). Bartonella spp. as a possible cause or cofactor of feline endomyocarditis-left ventricular endocardial fibrosis complex. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 162, 29-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.05.002. PMid:30060840.

Joseph, J. L., Oxford, E. M., & Santilli, R. A. (2018). Transient myocardial thickening in a Bartonella henselae-positive cat. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology: The Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 20(3), 198-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2018.04.003. PMid:29730195.

Matsuu, A., Kanda, T., Sugiyama, A., Murase, T., & Hikasa, Y. (2007). Mitral stenosis with bacterial myocarditis in a cat. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 69(11), 1171-1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.69.1171.PMid:18057833.

Meurs, K. M., Fox, P. R., Magnon, A. L., Liu, S. K., & Towbin, J. A. (2000). Molecular screening by polymerase chain reaction detects panleukopenia virus DNA in formalin-fixed hearts from cats with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Cardiovascular Pathology: The Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology, 9(2), 119-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-8807(00)00031-4. PMid:10867362.

Miller, M. W., Fox, P. R., & Saunders, A. B. (2004). Pathologic and clinical features of infectious endocarditis. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology: The Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 6(2), 35-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1760-2734(06)70056-X. PMid:19083308.

Palerme, J. S., Jones, A. E., Ward, J. L., Balakrishnan, N., Linder, K. E., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Keene, B. W. (2016). Infective endocarditis in 13 cats. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology: The Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 18(3), 213-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2016.04.003. PMid:27283084.

Reid, G., Koechlin, L., Reuthebuch, O., Rüter, F., Hopfer, H., Eckstein, F., & Santer, D. (2020). “Noninfective Endocarditis”: A case report of hereditary coagulation disorders in a 28-year-old male. Diagnostics (Basel), 10(6), 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060384. PMid:32521783.

Rolim, V. M., Casagrande, R. A., Wouters, A. T. B., Driemeier, D., & Pavarini, S. P. (2016). Myocarditis caused by feline immunodeficiency virus in five cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 154(1), 3-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.180. PMid:26797583.

Simpson, K. E., Devine, B. C., & Gunn-Moore, D. (2005). Suspected toxoplasma-associated myocarditis in a cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 7(3), 203-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2004.08.004. PMid:15922227.

van Loon, A. C. J., Locquet, L. J. N., Bosseler, L., Mortier, F., Paepe, D., & Smets, P. M. Y. (2020). Infective vegetative endocarditis of the mitral, aortic, and pulmonary valves due to Enterococcus hirae in a cat with a ventricular septal defect. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology: The Official Journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 30, 69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2020.05.005. PMid:32688282.

Vinogradova, T. (2010). Infectious and non-infectious endocarditis: Current status of the issue. Bulletin of Russian State Medical University, 6, 8-14.

Vlismas, P. P., Heymann, J. J., Marboe, C. C., Jorde, U. P., & Sims, D. B. (2019). Quadravalvular Noninfectious Endocarditis. JACC Case Reports, 1(3), 350-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.07.026. PMid:34316824.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2022 Tatiana Vladimirovna Sereda, Marina Alekseevna Petrova, Ilya Vitalievich Popov, Igor Vitalievich Popov, Sergey Nikolaevich Kartashov, Alexey Mikhailovich Ermakov